Ramakrishna Ashram | Discourse on kathopanishads Part III
Published by Mysorean on Sunday, August 13, 2006 at 7:55:00 am.
This discourse was given on Sunday, August 13, 2006. In this article I have tried to include my learnings or my questions wherever possible.
How is the highest reality to be perceived? Knowing the ultimate reality is not similar to knowing something through your senses. It is something that is much beyond. And knowing it will give you "Paramam Sukham" unlike happiness from sensory perceptions. For example: A man sees an apple tree. He is happy because he perceives apple to be a good thing. But when a man sees a posionous tree, his happiness doesn't exist. Like this, happiness derived out of sensory perceptions are short-lived and temporary.
"Paramam Sukham" is the peace that surpasses all happiness. Let us first try to understand what "sukha" is all about? In the Bhagavad Gita, chapter 18, Lord Krishna is discussing about the various kinds of sukhas.
The first one is of the lowest kind "Tamasika". It is born of delusion, sleep, laziness and miscomprehension. People who live in unhygenic conditions and are happy about it are examples of such kind.
The second one is of the mediocre kind "Rajasika sukha". Happiness emerging out of an element of restlessness and lot of activity. Any type of "sukha" that is aimed to satisfying our greed, anger, vendetta or some such emotional extremity. This kind of happiness "sukha" is characterized by the taste of nectar at first and poison towards the end.
The third one and the highest kind "Satwika sukha". This sukha is characterized by poison at first, but nectar at the end. Something that begins as a very difficult job but slowly we attain pleasure in it because of something that we discover in it that is more than the sensory pleasure. When we discover something more than the senses can sense then that kind of happiness is "satwika sukha".
A fitting example of "satwika sukha" would be that of chewing the amla fruit. it gives a distinct bitter taste at first, but if you are able to bear with it then there is the sukha of the sweet taste that it leaves in the mouth towards the end.
Another example is that of a student studying for his exams. There are so many things to distract him from his studies. A film on the television or a film magazine or something that will give him immediate pleasure are all more attractive to him than studying for his exams. He doesn't understand that if he studies well now, he will be able to derive more happiness later in his life. If he bears with the poison of hardwork now, he will be able to enjoy the nectar of the results later on.
A person who understands this basic premise of postponing immediate happiness is a mature person. He has understood the principle of "satwika sukha". It is a thought requiring utmost maturity in a person. A person who doesn't understand this becomes a source of unhappiness for everyone around him. A person who doesn't understand this gets into bad habits and other escapist activities qutoing immediate pleasure. These are the people who become anti-social elements.
How is the highest reality to be perceived? Knowing the ultimate reality is not similar to knowing something through your senses. It is something that is much beyond. And knowing it will give you "Paramam Sukham" unlike happiness from sensory perceptions. For example: A man sees an apple tree. He is happy because he perceives apple to be a good thing. But when a man sees a posionous tree, his happiness doesn't exist. Like this, happiness derived out of sensory perceptions are short-lived and temporary.
"Paramam Sukham" is the peace that surpasses all happiness. Let us first try to understand what "sukha" is all about? In the Bhagavad Gita, chapter 18, Lord Krishna is discussing about the various kinds of sukhas.
The first one is of the lowest kind "Tamasika". It is born of delusion, sleep, laziness and miscomprehension. People who live in unhygenic conditions and are happy about it are examples of such kind.
Probably, people like me who sleep at any given chance are also of thisLet us take the example of the Lord himself, who once took the form of a pig (Varaha avtaara) and began deriving so much of happiness in that form that he forgot to come back to his original form. Lord Krishna had to remind him to come back to his original state.
kind!
The second one is of the mediocre kind "Rajasika sukha". Happiness emerging out of an element of restlessness and lot of activity. Any type of "sukha" that is aimed to satisfying our greed, anger, vendetta or some such emotional extremity. This kind of happiness "sukha" is characterized by the taste of nectar at first and poison towards the end.
The third one and the highest kind "Satwika sukha". This sukha is characterized by poison at first, but nectar at the end. Something that begins as a very difficult job but slowly we attain pleasure in it because of something that we discover in it that is more than the sensory pleasure. When we discover something more than the senses can sense then that kind of happiness is "satwika sukha".
A fitting example of "satwika sukha" would be that of chewing the amla fruit. it gives a distinct bitter taste at first, but if you are able to bear with it then there is the sukha of the sweet taste that it leaves in the mouth towards the end.
Another example is that of a student studying for his exams. There are so many things to distract him from his studies. A film on the television or a film magazine or something that will give him immediate pleasure are all more attractive to him than studying for his exams. He doesn't understand that if he studies well now, he will be able to derive more happiness later in his life. If he bears with the poison of hardwork now, he will be able to enjoy the nectar of the results later on.
A person who understands this basic premise of postponing immediate happiness is a mature person. He has understood the principle of "satwika sukha". It is a thought requiring utmost maturity in a person. A person who doesn't understand this becomes a source of unhappiness for everyone around him. A person who doesn't understand this gets into bad habits and other escapist activities qutoing immediate pleasure. These are the people who become anti-social elements.
